Includes bibliographical references (p. [238]-252) and index.

A. Introduction: key topics in world Englishes. The historical, social and political context -- The origins of pidgin and creole languages -- Who speaks English today? -- Variation across outer circle Englishes -- Standard language ideology in the inner circle -- The spread of English as an international lingua franca -- The roles of English in Asia and Europe -- The future of world Englishes -- B. Development: implications and issues. The legacy of colonialism -- Characteristics of pidgins and creoles -- The English today debate -- The legitimate and illegitimate offspring of English -- Standards across space -- Native and non-native speakers of English -- En route to new standard Englishes -- Possible future scenarios -- C. Exploration: current debates in world Englishes. Postcolonial America and Africa -- Creole developments in the UK and US -- Teaching and testing world Englishes -- Emerging 'sub'-varieties -- Standards across channels -- The nature of English as a lingua franca -- Asian Englishes in the outer and expanding circles -- Language killer or language promoter? -- D. Extension: readings in world Englishes. The discourses of postcolonialism (Alastair Pennycook) -- The status of pidgins and creoles in education / Charles Alobwede d'Epie -- Who owns English today? / Henry Widdowson -- From language to literature / Chinua Achebe, Ngugi wa Thiong'o -- Is language (still) power? / Lesley Milroy, Alfred Lee, Dennis Bloodworth -- Positioning English as a lingua franca / Barbara Seidlhofer -- Attitudes to local norms in the expanding circle / Hu Xiao Qiong, Ulrich Ammon -- Looking ahead-- David Graddol, David Crystal.

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