Includes bibliographical references (p. 378-395) and index.

Acknowledgements -- Series Editors? Preface -- Authors? Preface -- Section A: Introduction -- Unit A1 Introducing Validity -- Unit A2 Classroom Assessment -- Unit A3 Constructs and Models -- Unit A4 Test Specifications and Designs -- Unit A5 Writing Items and Tasks -- Unit A6 Prototypes, Prototyping and Field Tests -- Unit A7 Scoring Language Tests and Assessments -- Unit A8 Administration and Training -- Unit A9 Fairness, Ethics and Standards -- Unit A10 Arguments and Evidence in Test Validation and Use -- Section B: Expansion -- Unit B1 Construct Validity -- Unit B2 Pedagogic Assessment -- Unit B3 Investigating Communicative Competence -- Unit B4 Optimal Specification Design -- Unit B5 Washback -- Unit B6 Researching Prototype Tasks -- Unit B7 Scoring Performance Tests -- Unit B8 Interlocutor Training and Behavior -- Unit B9 Ethics and Professionalism -- Unit B10 Validity as Argument -- Section C: Exploration -- Unit C1 Validity--An Exploration -- Unit C2 Assessment in School Systems -- Unit C3 What Do Items Really Test? -- Unit C4 Evolution in Action -- Unit C5 To See a Test in a Grain of Sand?. -- Unit C6 Analyzing Items and Tasks -- Unit C7 Designing an Alternative Matrix -- Unit C8 Administration and Alignment -- Unit C9 In a Time Far Far Away?. -- Unit C10 To Boldly Go -- Glossary -- References -- Index.

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