Includes index.

Includes a chapter (p. 357-382) with sources for international legal research.

ch. 1. Application and relevance of international law -- I. Introduction -- II. Problems of definition -- 1-1. Traditional definition -- 1-2. States under international law -- 1-3. Modern definition -- 1-4. Modern subjects -- III. International and national application -- 1-5. Applications distinguished -- 1-6. International application -- 1.7. National application -- 1-8. Some examples -- 1-9. Supremacy of international law -- IV. Relevance and function of international law -- 1-10. Uses of international law -- 1-11. International law as law -- 1-12. Application and enforcement -- 1-13. Enforcement and compliance -- V. Historical overview -- 1-14. Origins of the modern system -- 1-15. Major early writers and theories -- 1-16. Historical milestones -- ch. 2. Sources of international law -- I. Introduction -- II. Primary sources -- 2-1. Article 38(1) of the I.C.J. Statute -- 2-2. Meaning of Article 38 of the I.C.J. Statute -- 2-3. Customary international law -- 2-4. Conventional international law -- 2-5. General principles of law -- 2-6. Character of modern international law -- III. Secondary sources or evidence -- 2-7. Evidence of international law -- 2-8. Law-making process -- 2-9. Where to find the evidence --

ch. 3. States and international organizations -- I. Introduction -- II. States -- 3-1. Recognition doctrine generally -- 3-2. Recognition of states -- 3-3. Dissolution of the USSR -- 3-4. Recognition of governments -- 3-5. Recognition in U.S. practice -- III. International organizations generally --- 3-6. Nature of international organizations -- 3-7. Operational legal issues -- 3-8. Historical background -- IV. United Nations -- 3-9. U.N. Charter -- 3-10. Nature and function -- 3-11. International constitutional supremacy -- 3-12. U.N. organs -- 3-13. Voting procedures -- 3-14. Binding character of U.N. resolutions -- 3-15. Law-making and legislative activities -- V. U.N. specialized agencies -- 3-16. Definition -- 3-17. Organizations having specialized agency status -- 3-18. Member states -- 3-19. Legislative activities -- VI. Regional organizations -- 3-20. General description -- 3-21. Basic characteristics -- 3-22. Major regional organizations -- 3-23. Membership requirements -- 3-24. Institutional structure -- 3-25. Functions and achievements -- VII. Supranational organizations -- 3-26. Meaning of supranationality -- 3-27. Supranationality and the European Union -- 3-28. Mandate of the European Union -- 3-29. EC institutional structure -- 3-20. EC law-making -- 3-31. EC law and national law -- VIII. Non-state actors -- 3-32. Non-governmental organizations --

ch. 4. International dispute settlement -- I. Introduction -- II. Non-judicial methods -- 4-1. Introduction -- 4-2. Negotiation -- 4-3. Inquiry -- 4-4. Mediation or good offices -- 4-5. Conciliation -- 4-6. Negotiation, mediation, conciliation combined -- III. Quasi-judicial methods -- 4-7. Arbitration and adjudication distinguished -- 4-8. International arbitral clauses -- 4-9. Consent to arbitrate -- 4-10. Compromise -- 4-11. Nature and composition of arbitral tribunals -- 4-12. Arbitral award -- 4-13. Applicable law and sources of law -- 4-14. International arbitration and the individual -- VI. Judicial methods -- 4-15. Introduction -- A. International Court of Justice -- 4-16. Historical development -- 4-17. Composition and institutional structure -- 1. Contentious jurisdiction -- 4-18. Bases of contentious jurisdiction -- 4-19. Reciprocity -- 4-20. U.S. Article 36(2) declaration -- 4-21. Withdrawal of U.S. declaration -- 4-22. National security considerations -- 4-23. Effect and enforcement of judgments -- 4-24. Provisional measures -- 2. Advisory jurisdiction -- 4-25. Scope of advisory jurisdiction -- 4-26. Legal character -- B. Other major international courts -- 4-27. Introduction -- 4-28. International Tribunal for the Law of the sea -- 4-29. Ad hoc international criminal tribunals -- 4-30. International Criminal Court -- 4-31. Court of Justice of the European community -- 4-32. European Court of Human Rights -- 4-33. Inter-American Court of Human Rights -- 4-34. African Court of Human and People's Rights --

ch. 5. International law of treaties -- I. Introduction -- II. Definition and conclusion of treaties -- 5-1. Definition -- 5-2. Negotiation of treaties -- 5-3. Entry into force of treaties -- 5-4. Consent to be bound by treaty -- 5-5. Signature followed by ratification -- III. Reservations -- 5-6. Definition -- 5-7. Right to make reservations -- 5-8. Acceptance and legal effect of reservations -- IV. Observance of treaties -- 5-9. Pacta sunt servanda -- 5-10. Territorial scope of treaties -- 5-11. Interpretation of treaties -- 5-12. Treaties and third states -- V. Invalidity, termination, and suspension of treaties -- 5-13. Invalidity of treaties -- 5-14. National law and invalidity -- 5-15. Termination, suspension, and breach of treaties -- 5-16. Treaties and state succession --

ch. 6. Rights of individuals -- I. Introduction -- II. International law of human rights -- 6-1. Historical development -- A. Law of the U.N. Charter -- 6-2. U.N. Charter -- 6-3. Universal Declaration of Human Rights -- 6-4. U.N. human rights covenants -- 6-5. Other U.N. human rights instruments -- 6-6. Specialized agencies and regional organizations -- 6-7. International human rights code and its legal effect -- B. Regional human rights law and institutions -- 1. European system -- 6-8. European Convention on Human Rights -- 6-9. Convention institutions -- 6-10. Admissibility requirements -- 2. Inter-American system-- 6-11. Two sources of the system -- 6-12. OAS Charter system -- 6-13. Convention system -- 6-14. Applying the convention -- 6-15. Interplay with U.S. law -- 3. African system -- 6-16. African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights -- 6-17. Charter institutions -- 6-18. Rights guaranteed -- 6-19. Definition and sources -- C. International humanitarian law -- 6-20. 1949 Gevena Conventions -- 6-21. Protocols additional to the Geneva Conventions -- 6-22. Human rights conventions, derogation, and humanitarian law -- 6-23. War crimes and crimes against humanity -- III. State responsibility for injuries to aliens -- 6-24. Historical development -- A. Procedural issues -- 6-25. Nationality requirement -- 6-26. Exhaustion of local remedies -- 6-27. Presentation and settlement of claims -- B. Substantive aspects -- 6-28. Attributable liability -- 6-29. Scope of liability -- 6-30. Economic rights --

ch. 7. Foreign relations law in the United states -- I. Introduction -- II. Separation of powers in foreign affairs -- 7-1. Congressional power -- 7-2. Executive power -- 7-3. Treaty power -- 7-4. War power -- 7-5. Judicial power -- III. Role of the states -- 7-6. Federal supremacy under the constitution -- 7-7. Case law on federal supremacy -- IV. International law as a part of U.S. law -- 7-8. Introduction -- 7-9. Treaties in U.S. law -- 7-10. Customary international law in U.S. law -- 7-11. Alien tort statute -- ch. 8. Jurisdiction -- I. Introduction -- II. Presumptions under U.S. law -- 8-1. Statutes normally govern conduct only within U.S. territory -- 8-2. Congressional intent to apply statute extraterritorially -- 8-3. Example : East Africa embassy bombings -- 8-4. Presumption of consistency with international law -- III. Permissible bases of jurisdiction under international law -- 8-5. General approach of international law -- 8-6. Territorial principle -- 8-7. Nationality principle -- 8-8. Passive personality principle -- 8-9. Protective principle -- 8-10. Universality principle -- 8-11. Combinations of jurisdictional principles -- 8-12. Discretion to exercise permissible jurisdiction -- 8-13. Reasonability of exercising jurisdiction -- 8-14. Concurrent jurisdiction -- IV. Jurisdiction to prescribe, adjudicate, and enforce -- 8-15. Jurisdiction to prescribe -- 8-16. Jurisdiction to adjudicate -- 8-17. Jurisdiction to enforce --

ch. 9. Immunities from jurisdiction -- I. Introduction -- II. Diplomatic and consular immunities -- 9-1. Function -- 9-2. Diplomatic immunities -- 9-3. Consular immunities -- 9-4. International civil servant immunities -- 9-5. U.S. statutory law -- 9-6. Head of state immunity -- III. State immunities -- 9-7. Function -- 9-8. Historical development -- 9-9. Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act (FSIA) -- 9-10. Exception based on waiver -- 9-11. Commercial activity exception -- 9-12. Expropriation exception -- 9-13. Tort exception -- 9-14. Exception for arbitration -- 9-15. Terrorist state exception -- 9-16. Counterclaims exception -- 9-17. Extent of liability -- 9-18. Attachment and execution -- IV. Act of state doctrine -- 9-19. Act of state doctrine generally -- 9-20. Sabbatino case -- 9-21. Exceptions to the doctrine -- 9-22. Exception when Congress so directs -- 9-23. Exception when State Department so advises -- 9-24. Treaty exception -- 9-25. Exception for extraterritorial government action -- 9-26. Exception for commercial activities -- 9-27. Exception where validity of act is not in question -- 9-28. Exception for counterclaims -- 9-29. Exception for human rights cases --

ch. 10. Law of the sea -- I. Introduction -- II. Major maritime zones -- 10-1. Baselines and internal waters -- 10-2. Territorial sea -- 10-3. Contiguous zone -- 10-4. Continental shelf -- 10-5. Exclusive economic zone -- 10-6. High seas -- 10-7. International sea-bed area -- 10-8. Straits and archipelagos -- 10-9. Delimitation of maritime boundaries -- 10-10. Hot pursuit across maritime zones -- III. Regulation of certain uses of the sea -- 10-11. Maritime pollution -- 10-12. Fishing -- IV. Dispute settlement -- 10-13. LOSC dispute settlement -- ch. 11. International environmental law -- I. Introduction -- II. Structural overview -- 11-1. Historical background -- 11-2. International and non-governmental organizations -- 11-3. Key principles -- 11-4. Techniques of legal regulation -- III. Regulation in important sectors -- 11-5. Ozone depletion -- 11-6. Global climate change -- 11-7. Biological diversity -- IV. Cross-sectoral issues -- 11-8. Trade and environment -- 11-9. Extraterritorial application of environmental law --

ch. 12. Use of force and arms control -- I. Introduction -- II. The use of force -- 12-1. General prohibition on the use of force -- 12-2. Inherent right of self-defense -- 12-3. Peace enforcement by the Security Council -- 12-4. Peace enforcement by regional organizations -- 12-5. Mixed bases for the use of force -- 12-6. U.N. peacekeeping -- III. Arms control -- 12-7. Background -- 12-8. Conventional weapons -- 12-9. Chemical and biological weapons -- 12-10. Nuclear weapons -- ch. 13. International legal research -- I. Introduction -- II. Treatises and other scholarly material -- 13-1. Treaties -- 13-2. Encyclopedias, dictionaries and restatements -- 13-3. Casebooks -- 13-4. Periodical literature -- III. International agreements -- 13-5. International agreements generally -- 13-6. International agreements of the United States -- 13-7. International agreements on electronic databases -- IV. State and international organization practice -- 13-8. Contemporary practice of governments -- 13-9. Contemporary practice of the United States -- 13-10. Past practice of the United States -- 13-11. Practice of the United Nations -- 13-12. International Law Commission -- V. Judicial and arbitral decisions -- 13-13. General sources for judicial and arbitral decision -- 13-14. I.C.J. decisions -- 13-15. EC court decisions -- 13-16. Inter-American Court of Human Rights decisions -- 13-17. International criminal tribunal decision -- 13-18. ITLOS decisions -- 13-19. WTO decisions -- 13-20. NAFTA dispute settlement decisions -- VI. Internet research -- 13-21. Internet sources -- VII. Further reference works -- 13-22. Additional help.

1 2