TY  - BOOK
AU  - Pyrcz,Michael
AU  - Deutsch,Clayton V.
TI  - Geostatistical reservoir modeling
SN  - 9780199731442
AV  - TN870.53 .P97 2014
U1  - 553.2/82015195 23
PY  - 2014///]
CY  - Oxford
PB  - New York, New York, Oxford University Press
KW  - Hydrocarbon reservoirs
KW  - Mathematical models
KW  - Petroleum
KW  - Geology
KW  - Statistical methods
KW  - fast
KW  - Erdölgeologie
KW  - gnd
KW  - Erdöllagerstätte
KW  - Speichergestein
KW  - Geostatistik
KW  - Mathematisches Modell
KW  - Numerisches Modell
N1  - Includes bibliographical references and index; Machine generated contents note; 1; Introduction --; 1.1; Comments on Second Edition --; 1.2; Plan for the Book --; 1.3; Key Concepts --; 1.4; Motivation for Reservoir Models --; 1.5; Data for Reservoir Modeling --; 1.6; The Common Work Flow --; 1.7; An Introductory Example --; 1.8; Work Flow Diagrams --; 2; Modeling Principles --; 2.1; Preliminary Geological Modeling Concepts --; 2.1.1; The Story --; 2.1.2; Geological Models --; 2.1.3; Geological Model Overview --; 2.1.4; Basin Formation and Filling --; 2.1.5; Reservoir Architecture --; 2.1.6; Example Stories and Reservoir Modeling Significance --; 2.1.7; Section Summary --; 2.2; Preliminary Statistical Concepts --; 2.2.1; Geological Populations and Stationarity --; 2.2.2; Notation and Definitions --; 2.2.3; Bivariate Distributions --; 2.2.4; Q -- Q Plots and Data Transformation --; 2.2.5; Data Transformation --; 2.2.6; Declustering and Debiasing; 2.2.7; Histogram and Cross-Plot Smoothing --; 2.2.8; Monte Carlo Simulation --; 2.2.9; Parameter Uncertainty --; 2.2.10; Bayesian Statistics --; 2.2.11; Work Flow --; 2.2.12; Section Summary --; 2.3; Quantifying Spatial Correlation --; 2.3.1; The Random Function Concept --; 2.3.2; Calculating Experimental Variograms --; 2.3.3; Interpreting Experimental Variograms --; 2.3.4; Horizontal Variograms --; 2.3.5; Variogram Modeling --; 2.3.6; Cross Variograms --; 2.3.7; Multiple-Point Statistics --; 2.3.8; Volume Variance Relations --; 2.3.9; Work Flow --; 2.3.10; Section Summary --; 2.4; Preliminary Mapping Concepts --; 2.4.1; Kriging and Cokriging --; 2.4.2; Sequential Gaussian Simulation --; 2.4.3; Indicator Formalism --; 2.4.4; P-Field Methods --; 2.4.5; Multiple-Point Simulation --; 2.4.6; Object-Based Simulation --; 2.4.7; Optimization Algorithms for Modeling --; 2.4.8; Accounting for Trends --; 2.4.9; Alternatives for Secondary Data Integration; 2.4.10; Work Flow --; 2.4.11; Section Summary --; 3; Modeling Prerequisites --; 3.1; Data Inventory --; 3.1.1; Data Events --; 3.1.2; Well Data --; 3.1.3; Seismic Data --; 3.1.4; Dynamic Data --; 3.1.5; Analog Data --; 3.1.6; Data Considerations --; 3.1.7; Section Summary --; 3.2; Conceptual Model --; 3.2.1; Conceptual Geological Model --; 3.2.2; Model Framework --; 3.2.3; Modeling Method Choice --; 3.2.4; Statistical Inputs and Geological Rules --; 3.2.5; Work Flow --; 3.2.6; Section Summary --; 3.3; Problem Formulation --; 3.3.1; Goal and Purpose Definition --; 3.3.2; Modeling Work Constraints --; 3.3.3; Synthetic Paleo-basin --; 3.3.4; Modeling Work Flows --; 3.3.5; Reporting and Documentation --; 3.3.6; Work Flow --; 3.3.7; Section Summary --; 4; Modeling Methods --; 4.1; Large-Scale Modeling --; 4.1.1; Structure and Bounding Surfaces --; 4.1.2; Identification of Regions --; 4.1.3; Trend Model Construction --; 4.1.4; Multivariate Mapping; 4.1.5; Summarization and Visualization --; 4.1.6; Section Summary --; 4.2; Variogram-Based Facies Modeling --; 4.2.1; Comments on Facies Modeling --; 4.2.2; Sequential Indicator Simulation --; 4.2.3; Truncated Gaussian Simulation --; 4.2.4; Cleaning Cell-Based Facies Realizations --; 4.2.5; Work Flow --; 4.2.6; Section Summary --; 4.3; Multiple-Point Facies Modeling --; 4.3.1; Multiple-Point Simulation --; 4.3.2; Sequential Simulation with MPS --; 4.3.3; Input Statistics --; 4.3.4; Implementation Details --; 4.3.5; Work Flow --; 4.3.6; Section Summary --; 4.4; Object-Based Facies Modeling --; 4.4.1; Background --; 4.4.2; Stochastic Shales --; 4.4.3; Fluvial Modeling --; 4.4.4; Nonfluvial Depositional Systems --; 4.4.5; Work Flow --; 4.4.6; Section Summary --; 4.5; Process-Mimicking Facies Modeling --; 4.5.1; Background --; 4.5.2; Process-Mimicking Modeling --; 4.5.3; Work Flow --; 4.5.4; Section Summary --; 4.6; Porosity and Permeability Modeling; 4.6.1; Background --; 4.6.2; Gaussian Techniques for Porosity --; 4.6.3; Seismic Data in SGS for Porosity --; 4.6.4; Porosity/Permeability Transforms --; 4.6.5; Gaussian Techniques for Permeability --; 4.6.6; Indicator Technique for Permeability --; 4.6.7; Work Flow --; 4.6.8; Section Summary --; 4.7; Optimization for Model Construction --; 4.7.1; Background --; 4.7.2; Simulated Annealing --; 4.7.3; Perturbation Mechanism --; 4.7.4; Update Objective Function --; 4.7.5; Decision Rule --; 4.7.6; Problem Areas --; 4.7.7; Other Methods --; 4.7.8; Work Flow --; 4.7.9; Section Summary --; 5; Model Applications --; 5.1; Model Checking --; 5.1.1; Background --; 5.1.2; Minimum Acceptance Checks --; 5.1.3; High-Order Checks --; 5.1.4; Cross Validation and the Jackknife --; 5.1.5; Checking Distributions of Uncertainty --; 5.1.6; Work Flow --; 5.1.7; Section Summary --; 5.2; Model Post-processing --; 5.2.1; Background --; 5.2.2; Model Modification; 5.2.3; Model Scaling --; 5.2.4; Pointwise Summary Models --; 5.2.5; Joint Summary Models --; 5.2.6; Work Flow --; 5.2.7; Section Summary --; 5.3; Uncertainty Management --; 5.3.1; Background --; 5.3.2; Uncertainty Considerations --; 5.3.3; How Many Realizations? --; 5.3.4; Summarizing Uncertainty --; 5.3.5; Uncertainty Versus Well Spacing --; 5.3.6; Case for Geometric Criteria --; 5.3.7; Ranking Realizations --; 5.3.8; Decision Making with Uncertainty --; 5.3.9; Work Flow --; 5.3.10; Section Summary --; 6; Special Topics --; 6.1; Unstructured Grids --; 6.2; Continuous Variable Heterogeneity --; 6.3; More Estimation Methods --; 6.4; Spectral Methods --; 6.5; Surface-Based Modeling --; 6.6; Ensemble Kalman Filtering --; 6.7; Advanced Geological Characterization --; 6.8; Other Emerging Techniques --; 6.9; Final Thoughts --; A; Glossary and Notation --; A.1; Glossary --; A.2; Notation
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