Includes bibliographical references and index.

Revolutionizing innovation : fundamentals and new perspectives / Dietmar Harhoff and Karim R. Lakhani -- Fundamentals of user innovation -- Context, capabilities, and incentives -- the core and the periphery of user innovation / Dietmar Harhoff -- Cost advantages in innovation -- a comparison of users and manufacturers / Christian Lüthje and Christoph Stockstrom -- The empirical scope of user innovation / Jeroen P.J. de Jong -- User innovation and official statistics / Fred Bault -- Manageing communities and contests to innovate with crowds / Karim R. Lakhani -- Knowledge sharing among inventors : some historical perspectives / James Bessen and Alessandro Nuvolari -- Private-collective innovation : the effects of the number of participants and social factors / Georg von Krogh, Helena Garriga, Efe Aksuyek, and Fredrik Hacklin -- On the democratization of innovation through communal organizations / Emmanuelle Fauchart and Dominique Foray -- When von Hippel innovation met the networked environment : recognizing decentralized innovation / Yochai Benkler.

Freedom to tinker / Pamela Samuelson -- Intellectual property at the boundary / Katherine J. Strandburg -- Will innovation thrive without patents? A natural experiment in biotechnology/ Andrew W. Torrance -- When do user-innovators start firms? A theory of user entrepreneurship / Sonali K. Shah and Mary Tripsas -- Users as service-innovators : evidence across healthcare and financial services / Pedro Oliveira and Helena Canha̋̃o -- Technique innovation / Christoph Hienerth -- The power of community brands -- how user-generated brands emerge / Johann Füller -- Selling to competitors? Competitive implications of user-manufacturer integration / Joachim Henkel, Annika Stiegler, and Jörn H. Block -- When passion meets profession : how embedded lead users contribute to corporate innovation / Cornelius Herstatt, Tim Schweisfurth, and Christina Raasch -- Exploring why and to what extent lead users share knowledge with producer firms / Christopher Lettl, Stefan Perkmann Berger, and Susanne Roiser -- Crowdsourcing at MUJI / Susumu Ogawa and Hidehiko Nishikawa -- The innovators' tools / Stefan Thomke -- Design toolkits, organizational capabilities, and firm performance / Frank Piller and Fabrizio Salvador -- The value of toolkits for user innovation and design / Nikolaus Franke -- Crowdfunding : evidence on the democratization of start-up funding / Ethan Mollick and Venkat Kuppuswamy.

The last two decades have witnessed an extraordinary growth of new models of managing and organizing the innovation process that emphasizes users over producers. Large parts of the knowledge economy now routinely rely on users, communities, and open innovation approaches to solve important technological and organizational problems. This view of innovation, pioneered by the economist Eric von Hippel, counters the dominant paradigm, which cast the profit-seeking incentives of firms as the main driver of technical change. In a series of influential writings, von Hippel and colleagues found empirical evidence that flatly contradicted the producer-centered model of innovation. Since then, the study of user-driven innovation has continued and expanded, with further empirical exploration of a distributed model of innovation that includes communities and platforms in a variety of contexts and with the development of theory to explain the economic underpinnings of this still emerging paradigm. This volume provides a comprehensive and multidisciplinary view of the field of user and open innovation, reflecting advances in the field over the last several decades. The contributors -- including many colleagues of Eric von Hippel -- offer both theoretical and empirical perspectives from such diverse fields as economics, the history of science and technology, law, management, and policy. The empirical contexts for their studies range from household goods to financial services. After discussing the fundamentals of user innovation, the contributors cover communities and innovation; legal aspects of user and community innovation; new roles for user innovators; user interactions with firms; and user innovation in practice, describing experiments, toolkits, and crowdsourcing, and crowdfunding.

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